標(biāo)題: 一般過去時(shí) [打印本頁] 作者: 51黑tt 時(shí)間: 2016-3-5 16:07 標(biāo)題: 一般過去時(shí) 基本概念
一般過去時(shí)動(dòng)詞規(guī)則變化一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作
、行為;過去主語所具備的能力和性格。
時(shí)間狀語
Ago(two hours ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…),
具體時(shí)間, just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前), etc.(填時(shí)間如:
two days)ago
動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則
規(guī)則變化:
1.直接加ed:work-- worked ,
2.以e結(jié)尾的單詞,直接加d:live --lived
3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,變y為i加ed:study studied
4 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,雙寫最后的輔音字母+ed eg: stop stopped
不規(guī)則變化: have/has -- had,eat--ate, see—saw,am/is—was, go—went, do--did,take--
took,run--ran,lend--lent,sleep--slept.
基本結(jié)構(gòu)
主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他
否定形式①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞
一般疑問句Did+主語+do+其他?
例句She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy.
特殊疑問
疑問句詞+did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
一般過去時(shí)基本用法
(1)過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生,也可以表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。一般過去時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,只說明
過去。
句式:主語+過去動(dòng)詞+其他 I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟朱麗亞說了幾句話。
(1) He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他沒有戒煙的那陣子,抽煙抽得可兇了。
(2) 一般過去時(shí)常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語或從句連用,
如:yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when
等等。
補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容:(句子中謂語動(dòng)詞是用一般過去時(shí)還是用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),取決于動(dòng)作是否對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。
Have you had your lunch? 你吃過午飯了嗎?(你現(xiàn)在不餓嗎?)
Yes, I have. 是的,我已經(jīng)吃過了。(已經(jīng)吃飽了,不想再吃了。)
When did you have it? 你是什么時(shí)候吃的?(關(guān)心的是吃的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在何時(shí)。)
I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大約是十分鐘以前吃的。 )
Used to do something 表示過去常做而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)停止了的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。
I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我過去常常一天干十四個(gè)小時(shí)。
I ate it at 6:45。我在六點(diǎn)四十五分吃了。
1 帶有確定的過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí),要用過去時(shí)
如:yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(兩天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前幾天
)、once upon a time(很久以前)、 just now(剛才)、in the old days(過去的日子里)、before
liberation(解放前…)、 When I was 8 years old(當(dāng)我八歲時(shí)…)、at+一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)
Did you have a party the other day?
前幾天,你們開了晚會(huì)了嗎?
Lei Feng was a good soldier.
雷鋒是個(gè)好戰(zhàn)士。
注意 在談到已死去的人的情況時(shí),多用過去時(shí)。
2 表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),要用過去時(shí)
這種情況下,往往沒有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語,而通過上下文來表示。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.
那男孩把眼睛張開了一會(huì)兒,看看船長,然后就去世了。
3 表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng);蚍磸(fù)的動(dòng)作
常與always,never等連用。
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.
彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。
(只是說明她過去的動(dòng)作,不表明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著傘。)
比較
Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella. 彼得太太老是帶著傘。
(說明這是她的習(xí)慣,表明她現(xiàn)在仍然還習(xí)慣總帶著一把傘)
Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.
彼得太太 總是帶著一把傘。(表示說話者對(duì)這一動(dòng)作或行為厭煩)
I never drank wine.我以前從不喝酒。
(不涉及到現(xiàn)在,不說明現(xiàn)在是否喝酒)
4 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)終止的習(xí)慣時(shí)要用 used to do(過去常常做,而現(xiàn)在不那樣做了)
He used to drink.
他過去喝酒。 。ㄒ馕吨F(xiàn)在不喝酒了。喝酒這個(gè)動(dòng)作終止了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.
我過去是在早晨散步。 (意味著現(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了)
比較:
I took a walk in the morning.
我曾經(jīng)在早晨散過步。 (只是說明過去這一動(dòng)作)
5 有些句子,雖然沒有表示過去確定時(shí)間的狀語,但實(shí)際上是指過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的話,也要用過
去時(shí),這一點(diǎn),我們中國學(xué)生往往出錯(cuò),要特別注意!
I didn''t know you were in Paris.
我不知道你在巴黎。 。ㄒ?yàn)樵谡f話時(shí),我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說話之前,所以只能用過去
時(shí)表示。實(shí)際上,這句話暗指:But now I know you are here.)
I thought you were ill.
我以為你病了呢。 (這句話應(yīng)是在說話之前,我以為你病了。但是現(xiàn)在我知道你沒。
辨別正誤
Li Ming studied English this morning. 。ò汛司渥?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洌? (×)
1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning? 。▌(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用原形) (×)
2. Does Li ming Study English this morning? 。〞r(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該用原句子的時(shí)態(tài)) 。ā粒
3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning? 。☉(yīng)該用一般動(dòng)詞,而不是be動(dòng)詞)(動(dòng)詞應(yīng)變?cè)?br />
) (О)
4.Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning?
已過:在過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
主動(dòng):
肯定① be 分為was,were ② v+ed
否定① was/were not ② didn’t+v
疑問① was/were+ 主 ② did+主+V
時(shí)狀:
1. yesterday (morning,afternoon,evening)
2. the day before yesterday
3. last night (week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,centeury 世紀(jì))
4. ago
5.in 1980 (過去年份)
6.this morning/afternoon/evening
7.when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句 (過去)
8.in the past
9.just now
10.the other day -- a few days ago.
11.at the age of 10 (過去年齡段)
12.in the old days
動(dòng)詞過去式規(guī)則變化
1 直接加ed eg:work worked worked
2 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的,+d eg:live lived lived
3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,變y為i加ed eg:study stuied stuied
4 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,雙寫最后的輔音字母+ed eg: stop stopped stopped 不規(guī)則變化 例如相
等 eg:cut cut read read<注:read和read讀音不同!> sit sat run ran ——————
————————————————————
一般過去時(shí)句型結(jié)構(gòu)
句型
1.一般句子
I watched TV last night.
2.一般疑問句
Did you watch TV last night?
3.there be 句型
There was an apple on the table last night.
Was there an apple on the table last night?
口訣
一般過去時(shí)并不難,表示過去動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)記心間。
動(dòng)詞要用過去式,時(shí)間狀語句末站。
否定句很簡單,didn't 站在動(dòng)詞原形前,其它部分不要變。
一般疑問句也好變,did放在句子前,主語、動(dòng)詞原形、其它部分依次站。
特殊疑問句也簡單,疑問詞加一般疑問句記心間。
最后一條請(qǐng)注意,動(dòng)詞過去式要牢記。
過去時(shí)的一般形態(tài)
1. Be 動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)態(tài).
在沒有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句子中使用be動(dòng)詞, am is 的過去式為was; are的過去式為were.
構(gòu)成:
肯定句:主語+was (were) +表語 如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我遲到了。)
否定句:主語+was (were) +not+表語 如:We weren't late yesterday. (我們昨天沒遲到)
疑問句:Was (Were) +主語+表語 如: Were you ill yesterday? (你昨天病了嗎?)
肯定回答: Yes, I was. (是的,我病了。)
否定回答: No, I wasn't. (不,我沒病。)
特殊疑問句: 特殊疑問詞+was (were) +主語+表語 如:When were you born? 你是什么時(shí)候出生的?
2. 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)態(tài)
肯定句要使用動(dòng)詞的過去式,否定句和疑問句要使用助動(dòng)詞do和 does 的過去式 did.
肯定句為:主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+賓語
如: I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.(我昨天九點(diǎn)鐘回的家。)
否定句:主語+didn't +動(dòng)詞原形+賓語
如:I didn't go home yesterday. (我昨天沒回家。)
疑問句:Did +主語+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語
如: Did you go home yesterday? (你昨天回家了嗎?)
肯定回答: Yes, I did. (是的,我回了。)
否定回答:No, I didn't. (不,我沒回家。)
3. 助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過去式如下:
shall―should(將要)用于第一人稱單數(shù)
will―would(將要)用于所有人稱
can—could(能,會(huì)) may―might(可以) must―must (必須)
have to―had to(不得不)
助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)態(tài)要使用他們的過去式,后面的動(dòng)詞還使用原形。
如: I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作業(yè)。)
一般過去時(shí)講解 一般過去時(shí)也叫單純過去時(shí)。
例A:He worked very hard last year. 。ㄈツ晁苡霉。)
例B:Mr. Smith bought a new car yesterday. 。ㄊ访芩瓜壬蛱熨I了一輛新車。)
例C:They were here only a few minutes ago. (幾分鐘前他們還在這里。)
一般過去時(shí)的用法如下:
一般過去時(shí)最明顯的現(xiàn)象就是常由表達(dá)過去之時(shí)間的副詞或副詞短語來修飾它。
這些常用于修飾一般過去時(shí)的副詞有:yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening ), just now
(剛才), before (以前) , then (at that time ) (當(dāng)時(shí)) , last +時(shí)間 (如 last week, month, year,
Monday, … January, … spring, …, etc. ), that +時(shí)間 (如 that day, afternoon, summer, …, etc. ), 時(shí)
間 + ago (如 a few minutes ago, two weeks ago , years ago, … etc.)
“過去”的概念并不是只指如 “yesterday, last week,… ” 等,實(shí)際上“與現(xiàn)在對(duì)立的過去”,亦即“非現(xiàn)
在的以前”,哪怕是“過了說話時(shí)間的幾分鐘之前”,只要所要表達(dá)的時(shí)間與說話時(shí)的“現(xiàn)在”形成對(duì)立,就
必須使用一般過去時(shí)來表達(dá)。
例如: He was here only a few minutes ago. 。▋H僅幾分鐘前他還在這里。)
I came home just now. 。ㄎ覄偦氐郊。)
在A項(xiàng)我們說明了“this + 時(shí)間, today, etc.”的時(shí)間副詞常用于修飾一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),但是實(shí)際上只要是“與說
話時(shí)的現(xiàn)在”對(duì)立,就必須使用一般過去時(shí)。
例如:
I got up very early this morning. 。ń裉煸绯课移鸫埠茉纭#
He was late for school again today. 。ń裉焖诌t到了。)
一般過去時(shí)的用法:
1. 過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
例如: The police stopped me on my way home last night.
2. 過去存在的狀態(tài)。
例如: They weren't able to come because they were so busy.
3. 常用于一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:
yesterday,three months ago,last year,in 1979,often,always等。
例題解析:
舉一反三,學(xué)的更輕松!
1. r. Mott is out. But he ______ here a few minutes ago.
A. was B. is C. will be D. would be
解析:時(shí)分鐘前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。 應(yīng)選 A,
2.---Hi, Tom. ---Hello, Fancy. I ______ you were here.
A.don't know B.won't think C. think D. didn't know
解析:雖然句中沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語, 但是可以通過上下文語境判斷出, 這句話指的是我這段時(shí)間并不知道
, 你前一陣子在這兒。 所以應(yīng)選A。
3.He promised to tell me by himself when I ______.
A. come B. would come C. came D. had come
解析:在時(shí)間狀語從句中,用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來。應(yīng)選C。