自制BMS監(jiān)控儀通過(guò)485通訊讀BMS信息并顯示在LCD2004上單片機(jī)源程序電路

ID:702386 · 發(fā)表于 2020-10-10 17:15

公司是做鋰電池管理系統(tǒng)的，主要是通信用16串鋰電池用的保護(hù)板（BMS），產(chǎn)品有485接口，可以上傳各種測(cè)量和告警信息。最近開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)單片機(jī)，自己動(dòng)手做了一個(gè)BMS監(jiān)控儀，通過(guò)485與自家的BMS通訊獲取狀態(tài)信息并顯示在LCD2004上。
程序也是自己弄了好久才排除各種bug，現(xiàn)在具備了基本狀態(tài)信息顯示、菜單、16串單體電壓顯示、各溫度顯示、BMS狀態(tài)顯示、基本告警信息顯示。
這個(gè)小產(chǎn)品使用STC89C54RD+，MAX485芯，使用5V升壓鋰電池供電，在外殼上留出了USB充電接口。
電路原圖是自己搞了一個(gè)，然后同事幫我畫(huà)的PCB。制作比較廢勁，尤其是殼子不好切割，還把手割傷了。。。
因?yàn)楣ぷ鞅容^忙，從頭到尾斷斷續(xù)續(xù)搞了一個(gè)來(lái)月終于算是完成了，和大家分享一下。

已附上原理圖和單片機(jī)程序。因自己初學(xué)，程序有很多不足，比如沒(méi)有按模塊化編寫(xiě)、邏輯較亂等，希望大家?guī)兔χ更c(diǎn)。

制作出來(lái)的實(shí)物圖如下：

電路原理圖如下：

單片機(jī)源程序如下:

#include "STC89C54.h"
#define uint unsigned int
#define uchar unsigned char
uchar code welcome1[]="BMS Monitor";
uchar code welcome2[]="RichPower";
uchar code waiting[]="CONNECTING...";
uchar code menu_table1[]="CELL VOLTAGE"; //12個(gè)字符
uchar code menu_table2[]="TEMPERATURE"; //11個(gè)字符
uchar code menu_table3[]="BMS STATUS"; //10個(gè)字符
uchar code menu_table4[]="ALARM INFO"; //10個(gè)字符
uchar code BMSINFO1[20]={0x7E,0x32,0x36,0x30,0x30,0x34,0x36,0x46,0x32,0x45,0x30,0x30,0x32,0x30,0x31,0x46,0x44,0x31,0x45,0x0D}; //詢(xún)遙測(cè)的命令報(bào)文
uchar code BMSINFO2[20]={0x7E,0x32,0x36,0x30,0x30,0x34,0x36,0x46,0x34,0x45,0x30,0x30,0x32,0x30,0x31,0x46,0x44,0x31,0x43,0x0D}; //詢(xún)遙信命令報(bào)文
uchar buffer[145]={0}; //用于緩存遙測(cè)報(bào)文
sbit lcdrs=P2^5; //指令和數(shù)據(jù)寄存器選擇，高電平時(shí)為數(shù)據(jù)，低電平選擇命令
sbit lcdrw=P2^6; //讀寫(xiě)選擇，高電平為讀，低電平為寫(xiě)
sbit lcden=P2^7; //使能
sbit lcdbg=P2^4; //背光,0為開(kāi)
sbit beep=P2^0; //蜂鳴器，0為開(kāi)
sbit key1=P1^0; //菜單或確認(rèn)
sbit key2=P1^1; //上一項(xiàng)
sbit key3=P1^2; //下一項(xiàng)
sbit key4=P1^3; //返回或背光開(kāi)關(guān)
bit data datareceived_flag=0,displayclear=1; //datareceived_flag為遙測(cè)報(bào)文是否接收完的標(biāo)志位，current_bit為電流值符號(hào)標(biāo)志位
bit data current_bit,celltemp_unit,envtemp_unit,mostemp_unit;
uchar data num;
uchar data i=0,watchdog=0,end_position;
uint single_max,single_min,totalvoltage,current,totalcap,remaincap;
uint data remaincap2;
uchar digit0,digit1,digit2,digit3,digit4; //LCD顯示數(shù)字的萬(wàn)千百十個(gè)位
uchar cellnumber,cellnumber_offset,address_offset; //串?dāng)?shù)，串?dāng)?shù)差，地址偏移量
uchar cappercentage; //SOC
uint singlevoltage[15]; //單體電芯電壓
uint temperature[5]; //4個(gè)電芯溫度和環(huán)境溫度及功率溫度
uchar display_mode=0,menu_position=1,singlevoltage_page=1; //顯示模式
void delayms(uint z) //延時(shí)子程序
{
uint x,y;
for(x=z;x>0;x--)
for(y=110;y>0;y--);
}
void write_com(uchar com) //LCD1602寫(xiě)命令函數(shù)
{
lcdrs=0; //rs低電平為寫(xiě)命令
P0=com;
delayms(4);
lcden=1; //EN先置高電平
delayms(4);
lcden=0; //短暫延時(shí)后EN置低電平
}
void write_dat(uchar dat) //LCD1602寫(xiě)數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)
{
lcdrs=1; //rs高電平為寫(xiě)數(shù)據(jù)
P0=dat;
delayms(4);
lcden=1;
delayms(4);
lcden=0;
}
void UsartInit() //串口初始化
{
SCON=0X50; //設(shè)置為工作方式1
TMOD=0X20; //設(shè)置計(jì)數(shù)器工作方式2
PCON=0X80; //波特率加倍
TH1=0XFA; //計(jì)數(shù)器初始值設(shè)置，注意11.0592Mhz波特率是9600的
TL1=0XFA;
ES=1; //打開(kāi)接收中斷
EA=1; //打開(kāi)總中斷
TR1=1; //打開(kāi)計(jì)數(shù)器
}
void init() //LCD初始化及開(kāi)機(jī)界面
{
lcdrw=0;
lcden=0;
P0=0;
write_com(0x38);
write_com(0x0f); //初始化，開(kāi)顯示，開(kāi)光標(biāo)，開(kāi)光標(biāo)閃爍
write_com(0x06); //初始化，讀寫(xiě)一個(gè)字符后地址指針自動(dòng)加1
write_com(0x01); //清屏
// write_com(0x80); //數(shù)據(jù)地址指針從0開(kāi)始
lcdbg=0; //開(kāi)背光
write_com(0x0C); //關(guān)光標(biāo)
/**********************歡迎界面**************************/
write_com(0x80+0x44); //第2行第5個(gè)字符
for(num=0;num<11;num++)
write_dat(welcome1[num]);
write_com(0x94+0x05); //第3行第6個(gè)字符
for(num=0;num<9;num++)
write_dat(welcome2[num]);
delayms(1000);
beep=0;
delayms(60);
beep=1;
/********************************************************/
}
/********************************************************************************
計(jì)算報(bào)文緩存中的一個(gè)字節(jié)
********************************************************************************/
uchar buffer_byte_process(uchar buffer_address)
{
uchar byte_value;
if(buffer[buffer_address]<=0x39)
buffer[buffer_address]=buffer[buffer_address]-0x30; //若為0~9的字符，減0x30即為數(shù)值
else
buffer[buffer_address]=buffer[buffer_address]-0x37; //若為大于9即為A~F的字符，減0x37即為數(shù)值
if(buffer[buffer_address+1]<=0x39)
buffer[buffer_address+1]=buffer[buffer_address+1]-0x30;
else
buffer[buffer_address+1]=buffer[buffer_address+1]-0x37;
byte_value=(buffer[buffer_address]<<4)|buffer[buffer_address+1];
return byte_value;
}
/********************************************************************************
計(jì)算報(bào)文緩存中的一個(gè)字
********************************************************************************/
uint buffer_word_process(uchar buffer_address)
{
uint word_value;
if(buffer[buffer_address]<=0x39)
buffer[buffer_address]=buffer[buffer_address]-0x30; //若為0~9的字符，減0x30即為數(shù)值
else
buffer[buffer_address]=buffer[buffer_address]-0x37; //若為大于9即為A~F的字符，減0x37即為數(shù)值
if(buffer[buffer_address+1]<=0x39)
buffer[buffer_address+1]=buffer[buffer_address+1]-0x30;
else
buffer[buffer_address+1]=buffer[buffer_address+1]-0x37;
if(buffer[buffer_address+2]<=0x39)
buffer[buffer_address+2]=buffer[buffer_address+2]-0x30; //若為0~9的字符，減0x30即為數(shù)值
else
buffer[buffer_address+2]=buffer[buffer_address+2]-0x37; //若為大于9即為A~F的字符，減0x37即為數(shù)值
if(buffer[buffer_address+3]<=0x39)
buffer[buffer_address+3]=buffer[buffer_address+3]-0x30;
else
buffer[buffer_address+3]=buffer[buffer_address+3]-0x37;
word_value=(buffer[buffer_address]<<12)|(buffer[buffer_address+1]<<8)|(buffer[buffer_address+2]<<4)|buffer[buffer_address+3];
return word_value;
}
void buffer_value_process()
{
cellnumber=buffer_byte_process(17); //串?dāng)?shù)計(jì)算
cellnumber_offset=16-cellnumber; //串?dāng)?shù)與16串相比的差值
address_offset=cellnumber_offset*4; //報(bào)文地址偏移量
current=buffer_word_process(109-address_offset); //電流計(jì)算
current_bit=current>>15; //電流正負(fù)判斷
if(current_bit==1)
current=~current+1; //電流值為補(bǔ)碼，負(fù)數(shù)取反加1得到原碼（符號(hào)位1取反變成了0）；
totalvoltage=buffer_word_process(113-address_offset); //總壓計(jì)算
for(num=0;num<=15-cellnumber_offset;num++) //單體電壓和最高最低電壓計(jì)算
{
singlevoltage[num]=buffer_word_process(19+4*num); //各串單體電壓
if(num==0)
{
single_max=singlevoltage[0];
single_min=single_max;
}
if(singlevoltage[num]>single_max)
single_max=singlevoltage[num]; //最高單體電壓
if(singlevoltage[num]<single_min)
single_min=singlevoltage[num]; //最低單體電壓
}
remaincap=buffer_word_process(117-address_offset); //剩余容量
remaincap2=remaincap;
totalcap=buffer_word_process(123-address_offset)/100; //總?cè)萘?br />
cappercentage=(remaincap/totalcap)&0xFF; //SOC計(jì)算
for(num=0;num<=5;num++) //6個(gè)溫度計(jì)算
temperature[num]=buffer_word_process(85+4*num-address_offset); //此溫度需減2731并判斷符號(hào)
}
void main_display()
{
digit4=totalvoltage%10; //總壓個(gè)位數(shù)字
digit3=totalvoltage/10%10; //總壓十位數(shù)字
digit2=totalvoltage/100%10; //總壓百位數(shù)字
digit1=totalvoltage/1000%10; //總壓千位數(shù)字
write_com(0x80+0x02); //數(shù)據(jù)地址指針從第1行第9位開(kāi)始寫(xiě)總壓值
write_dat(digit1+0x30); //顯示千位數(shù)字的ASCII碼
write_dat(digit2+0x30);
write_dat('.');
write_dat(digit3+0x30);
write_dat(digit4+0x30);
write_dat('V');
digit4=current%10; //電流個(gè)位數(shù)字
digit3=current/10%10;
digit2=current/100%10;
digit1=current/1000%10;
if(current_bit==0&&digit1==0) //如果為正電流，且千位為0
{
write_com(0xc0);
write_dat(' ');write_dat(' ');
write_dat(' ');
}
if(current_bit==0&&digit1>0) //如果為正電流，且千位不為0
{
write_com(0xc0);
write_dat(' ');write_dat(' ');
write_dat(digit1+0x30);
}
if(current_bit==1&&digit1==0) //如果為負(fù)電流，且千位為0
{
write_com(0xc0);
write_dat(' ');write_dat(' ');
write_dat('-');
}
if(current_bit==1&&digit1>0) //如果為負(fù)電流，且千位不為0
{
write_com(0xc0);write_dat(' ');
write_dat('-');
write_dat(digit1+0x30);
}
write_dat(digit2+0x30);
write_dat('.');
write_dat(digit3+0x30);
write_dat(digit4+0x30);
write_dat('A');
digit4=remaincap2%10; //剩余容量個(gè)位數(shù)字
digit3=remaincap2/10%10; //十位數(shù)字
digit2=remaincap2/100%10; //百位數(shù)字
digit1=remaincap2/1000%10; //千位數(shù)字
digit0=remaincap2/10000%10; //萬(wàn)位數(shù)字
write_com(0x80+0x0A); //數(shù)據(jù)地址指針從第1行第10位開(kāi)始寫(xiě)剩余容量
if(digit0>0)
write_dat(digit0+0x30); //顯示萬(wàn)位數(shù)字的ASCII碼
else
write_dat(' ');
if(digit0==0&&digit1==0)
write_dat(' '); //顯示千位數(shù)字的ASCII碼
else
write_dat(digit1+0x30);
write_dat(digit2+0x30);
write_dat('A');
write_dat('h');
digit4=cappercentage%10; //SOC個(gè)位數(shù)字
digit3=cappercentage/10%10; //十位數(shù)字
digit2=cappercentage/100%10; //百位數(shù)字
write_com(0x80+0x10); //數(shù)據(jù)地址指針從第1行第16位開(kāi)始寫(xiě)剩余容量
if(digit2>0)
write_dat(digit2+0x30);
else
write_dat(' ');
if(digit2==0&&digit3==0)
write_dat(' ');
else
write_dat(digit3+0x30);
write_dat(digit4+0x30);
write_dat('%');
if(temperature[0]>=2731) //第1節(jié)電芯溫度
{
celltemp_unit=1; //單位為正
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