用C語(yǔ)言編寫的10個(gè)通用RGB燈效算法

ID:46750 · 發(fā)表于 2025-2-16 10:51

以下是用C語(yǔ)言編寫的10個(gè)通用RGB燈效算法，適用于大多數(shù)RGB LED控制場(chǎng)景（非硬件特定版本）。每個(gè)算法都包含可調(diào)節(jié)參數(shù)，代碼設(shè)計(jì)為獨(dú)立函數(shù)形式，便于集成到不同項(xiàng)目中：

```c
#include <stdint.h>
#include <math.h>

// 顏色結(jié)構(gòu)體（通用RGB格式）
typedef struct {
uint8_t r;
uint8_t g;
uint8_t b;
} RGBColor;

// 1. 呼吸燈效果（單色）
void breathEffect(RGBColor* leds, int numLeds, uint8_t* phase, uint8_t speed, RGBColor color) {
static uint8_t brightness = 0;
static int8_t direction = 1;

brightness += direction * speed;
if(brightness >= 255 - speed) direction = -1;
if(brightness <= speed) direction = 1;

for(int i=0; i<numLeds; i++) {
      leds[i].r = (color.r * brightness) >> 8;
      leds[i].g = (color.g * brightness) >> 8;
      leds[i].b = (color.b * brightness) >> 8;
}
}

// 2. 彩虹波浪效果
void rainbowWave(RGBColor* leds, int numLeds, uint8_t* phase, uint8_t speed) {
*phase += speed;
for(int i=0; i<numLeds; i++) {
      uint8_t hue = *phase + (i * 255 / numLeds);
      hsv2rgb(hue, 255, 255, &leds[i].r, &leds[i].g, &leds[i].b);
}
}

// 3. 跑馬燈效果（可調(diào)寬度）
void runningDot(RGBColor* leds, int numLeds, uint8_t* position, uint8_t speed, uint8_t width, RGBColor color) {
*position = (*position + speed) % numLeds;

for(int i=0; i<numLeds; i++) {
      uint8_t distance = abs((int)(*position) - i);
      if(distance > width) {
         leds[i] = (RGBColor){0,0,0};
      } else {
         uint8_t intensity = 255 - (distance * 255 / width);
         leds[i].r = (color.r * intensity) >> 8;
         leds[i].g = (color.g * intensity) >> 8;
         leds[i].b = (color.b * intensity) >> 8;
      }
}
}

// 4. 顏色漸變過(guò)渡
void colorTransition(RGBColor* leds, int numLeds, uint8_t* phase,
                  RGBColor start, RGBColor end, uint8_t step) {
*phase = (*phase + step) % 255;

for(int i=0; i<numLeds; i++) {
      leds[i].r = start.r + ((end.r - start.r) * *phase) / 255;
      leds[i].g = start.g + ((end.g - start.g) * *phase) / 255;
      leds[i].b = start.b + ((end.b - start.b) * *phase) / 255;
}
}

// 5. 隨機(jī)流星效果
void meteorShower(RGBColor* leds, int numLeds, uint8_t* pos, uint8_t speed,
               uint8_t tailLength, RGBColor color) {
static uint8_t trail[64] = {0}; // 最大支持64長(zhǎng)度拖尾

// 移動(dòng)流星位置
*pos = (*pos + speed) % (numLeds + tailLength);

// 生成拖尾數(shù)據(jù)
for(int i=0; i<tailLength; i++) {
      trail[i] = (255 * (tailLength - i)) / tailLength;
}

// 應(yīng)用效果
for(int i=0; i<numLeds; i++) {
      int trailIndex = i - (*pos - tailLength);
      if(trailIndex >=0 && trailIndex < tailLength) {
         uint8_t intensity = trail[trailIndex];
         leds[i].r = (color.r * intensity) >> 8;
         leds[i].g = (color.g * intensity) >> 8;
         leds[i].b = (color.b * intensity) >> 8;
      } else {
         leds[i] = (RGBColor){0,0,0};
      }
}
}

// 6. 音頻頻譜風(fēng)格效果
void spectrumAnalyzer(RGBColor* leds, int numLeds, uint8_t* heights,
                  uint8_t decay, RGBColor color) {
for(int i=0; i<numLeds; i++) {
      // 模擬隨機(jī)輸入數(shù)據(jù)（實(shí)際使用時(shí)替換為真實(shí)音頻數(shù)據(jù)）
      if(rand()%20 == 0 && heights[i] < 240) heights[i] += 15;

      // 高度衰減
      if(heights[i] > decay) heights[i] -= decay;
      else heights[i] = 0;

      // 繪制柱狀圖
      leds[i].r = (i < heights[i]/10) ? color.r : 0;
      leds[i].g = (i < heights[i]/10) ? color.g : 0;
      leds[i].b = (i < heights[i]/10) ? color.b : 0;
}
}

// 7. 火焰模擬效果
void fireEffect(RGBColor* leds, int numLeds, uint8_t* heat, uint8_t cooling, uint8_t sparking) {
// 生成隨機(jī)火花
for(int i=0; i<numLeds; i++) {
      if(rand()%255 < sparking) {
         heat[i] = 255;
      }
}

// 熱量擴(kuò)散
for(int i=numLeds-1; i>=2; i--) {
      heat[i] = (heat[i-1] + heat[i-2] + heat[i-2])/3;
}

// 應(yīng)用顏色映射
for(int i=0; i<numLeds; i++) {
      uint8_t temp = heat[i];
      leds[i].r = temp;
      leds[i].g = temp/3;
      leds[i].b = temp/10;

      // 冷卻
      if(heat[i] >= cooling) heat[i] -= cooling;
      else heat[i] = 0;
}
}

// 8. 雙色交替掃描
void dualScan(RGBColor* leds, int numLeds, uint8_t* phase, uint8_t speed,
         RGBColor color1, RGBColor color2) {
static uint8_t direction = 0;
*phase += speed;

if(*phase >= numLeds) {
      *phase = 0;
      direction = !direction;
}

for(int i=0; i<numLeds; i++) {
      if((direction && (i < *phase)) || (!direction && (i >= numLeds - *phase))) {
         leds[i] = color1;
      } else {
         leds[i] = color2;
      }
}
}

// 9. 星光閃爍效果
void starTwinkle(RGBColor* leds, int numLeds, uint8_t* states, uint8_t fadeSpeed) {
for(int i=0; i<numLeds; i++) {
      if(states[i] == 0 && rand()%1000 == 0) {
         states[i] = 255; // 隨機(jī)點(diǎn)亮
      }

      if(states[i] > 0) {
         leds[i].r = states[i];
         leds[i].g = states[i];
         leds[i].b = states[i];

         if(states[i] > fadeSpeed) states[i] -= fadeSpeed;
         else states[i] = 0;
      } else {
         leds[i] = (RGBColor){0,0,0};
      }
}
}

// 10. 三維立方體效果
void cubeEffect(RGBColor* leds, int numLeds, uint8_t* angle, uint8_t speed,
            RGBColor color) {
// 假設(shè)LED排列為8x8x8立方體（需要根據(jù)實(shí)際布局修改坐標(biāo)計(jì)算）
static const uint8_t cubeSize = 8;
*angle += speed;

for(int x=0; x<cubeSize; x++) {
      for(int y=0; y<cubeSize; y++) {
         for(int z=0; z<cubeSize; z++) {
            int index = x + y*cubeSize + z*cubeSize*cubeSize;
            uint8_t intensity =
                  (sin8(x*32 + *angle) +
                  sin8(y*32 + *angle/2) +
                  sin8(z*32 + *angle/3)) / 3;

            leds[index].r = (color.r * intensity) >> 8;
            leds[index].g = (color.g * intensity) >> 8;
            leds[index].b = (color.b * intensity) >> 8;
         }
      }
}
}

// HSV轉(zhuǎn)RGB輔助函數(shù)（優(yōu)化整數(shù)版本）
void hsv2rgb(uint8_t hue, uint8_t sat, uint8_t val,
         uint8_t* r, uint8_t* g, uint8_t* b) {
uint8_t region, remainder;
uint8_t p, q, t;

if(sat == 0) {
      *r = *g = *b = val;
      return;
}

region = hue / 43;
remainder = (hue - (region * 43)) * 6;

p = (val * (255 - sat)) >> 8;
q = (val * (255 - ((sat * remainder) >> 8))) >> 8;
t = (val * (255 - ((sat * (255 - remainder)) >> 8))) >> 8;

switch(region) {
      case 0:  *r = val; *g = t; *b = p; break;
      case 1:  *r = q; *g = val;  *b = p; break;
      case 2:  *r = p; *g = val;  *b = t; break;
      case 3:  *r = p; *g = q; *b = val;  break;
      case 4:  *r = t; *g = p; *b = val;  break;
      default: *r = val; *g = p; *b = q; break;
}
}

// 正弦查表函數(shù)（0-255輸入，0-255輸出）
uint8_t sin8(uint8_t theta) {
static const uint8_t sineTable[] = {
      128, 140, 152, 165, 176, 188, 199, 209, 219, 228, 236, 243, 249, 254,
      255, 254, 249, 243, 236, 228, 219, 209, 199, 188, 176, 165, 152, 140,
      128, 115, 103, 90, 79, 67, 56, 46, 36, 27, 19, 12, 6, 1, 0, 1, 6, 12,
      19, 27, 36, 46, 56, 67, 79, 90, 103, 115
};
return sineTable[theta % 64];
}
```

### 使用說(shuō)明：
1. **數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)**：
- 使用`RGBColor`結(jié)構(gòu)體存儲(chǔ)顏色值
- LED數(shù)組按順序排列，長(zhǎng)度由`numLeds`參數(shù)指定

2. **狀態(tài)管理**：
- 帶`*phase`參數(shù)的效果需要調(diào)用者維護(hù)狀態(tài)變量
- 多LED效果（如流星、火焰）需要預(yù)先分配狀態(tài)數(shù)組

3. **性能優(yōu)化**：
- 使用查表法實(shí)現(xiàn)三角函數(shù)（`sin8`）
- 全部使用整數(shù)運(yùn)算，避免浮點(diǎn)計(jì)算
- 可調(diào)節(jié)的speed參數(shù)控制動(dòng)畫(huà)速度

4. **典型調(diào)用方式**：
```c
int main() {
const int NUM_LEDS = 64;
RGBColor leds[NUM_LEDS];

// 狀態(tài)變量
uint8_t phase = 0;
uint8_t meteorPos = 0;
uint8_t fireHeat[NUM_LEDS] = {0};
uint8_t starStates[NUM_LEDS] = {0};

while(1) {
      // 選擇要運(yùn)行的效果（示例）
      fireEffect(leds, NUM_LEDS, fireHeat, 30, 100);
      // rainbowWave(leds, NUM_LEDS, &phase, 3);
      // meteorShower(leds, NUM_LEDS, &meteorPos, 2, 10, (RGBColor){255,0,0});

      // 此處插入實(shí)際硬件更新代碼
      // ws2812_update(leds, NUM_LEDS);

      delay_ms(30);
}
}
```

### 擴(kuò)展建議：
1. **顏色混合**：添加顏色混合函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)更復(fù)雜效果
2. **參數(shù)動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整**：通過(guò)外部輸入（旋鈕、傳感器等）實(shí)時(shí)控制參數(shù)
3. **效果組合**：使用多層混合實(shí)現(xiàn)組合效果
4. **內(nèi)存優(yōu)化**：對(duì)于資源受限系統(tǒng)，可減少狀態(tài)變量數(shù)量
5. **時(shí)間同步**：使用定時(shí)器中斷確保穩(wěn)定的刷新率

這些算法經(jīng)過(guò)模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，可根據(jù)具體硬件平臺(tái)輕松適配，適合從Arduino到嵌入式Linux系統(tǒng)的各種應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景。