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一般過(guò)去時(shí)

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ID:107189 發(fā)表于 2016-3-5 16:07 | 只看該作者 回帖獎(jiǎng)勵(lì) |倒序?yàn)g覽 |閱讀模式
基本概念
  一般過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞規(guī)則變化一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作
、行為;過(guò)去主語(yǔ)所具備的能力和性格。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
  Ago(two hours ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…),
具體時(shí)間, just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前), etc.(填時(shí)間如:
two days)ago
動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則
  規(guī)則變化:   
1.直接加ed:work-- worked ,   
2.以e結(jié)尾的單詞,直接加d:live --lived   
3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,變y為i加ed:study studied   
4 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,雙寫最后的輔音字母+ed eg: stop stopped   
不規(guī)則變化:   have/has -- had,eat--ate, see—saw,am/is—was, go—went, do--did,take--
took,run--ran,lend--lent,sleep--slept.
基本結(jié)構(gòu)
主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他   
否定形式①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞   
一般疑問(wèn)句Did+主語(yǔ)+do+其他?   
例句She often came to help us in those days.   I didn't know you were so busy.
特殊疑問(wèn)
疑問(wèn)句詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

一般過(guò)去時(shí)基本用法
  (1)過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生,也可以表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。一般過(guò)去時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,只說(shuō)明
過(guò)去。   
句式:主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去動(dòng)詞+其他   I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟朱麗亞說(shuō)了幾句話。
(1) He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up.   他沒(méi)有戒煙的那陣子,抽煙抽得可兇了。  
 
(2) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或從句連用,
如:yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when
等等。   
補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容:(句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是用一般過(guò)去時(shí)還是用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),取決于動(dòng)作是否對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。  
 
Have you had your lunch? 你吃過(guò)午飯了嗎?(你現(xiàn)在不餓嗎?)   
Yes, I have. 是的,我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)了。(已經(jīng)吃飽了,不想再吃了。)   
When did you have it? 你是什么時(shí)候吃的?(關(guān)心的是吃的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在何時(shí)。)   
I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大約是十分鐘以前吃的。 )   
Used to do something 表示過(guò)去常做而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)停止了的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。   
I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我過(guò)去常常一天干十四個(gè)小時(shí)。   
I ate it at 6:45。我在六點(diǎn)四十五分吃了。   
1 帶有確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),要用過(guò)去時(shí)   
如:yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(兩天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前幾天
)、once upon a time(很久以前)、 just now(剛才)、in the old days(過(guò)去的日子里)、before
liberation(解放前…)、 When I was 8 years old(當(dāng)我八歲時(shí)…)、at+一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)   
Did you have a party the other day?   
前幾天,你們開了晚會(huì)了嗎?   
Lei Feng was a good soldier.   
雷鋒是個(gè)好戰(zhàn)士。   
注意   在談到已死去的人的情況時(shí),多用過(guò)去時(shí)。   
2 表示過(guò)去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),要用過(guò)去時(shí)   
這種情況下,往往沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),而通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。   
The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.   
那男孩把眼睛張開了一會(huì)兒,看看船長(zhǎng),然后就去世了。   
3 表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng);蚍磸(fù)的動(dòng)作   
常與always,never等連用。   
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.   
彼得太太過(guò)去老是帶著一把傘。   
(只是說(shuō)明她過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,不表明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著傘。)   
比較   
Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.   彼得太太老是帶著傘。   
(說(shuō)明這是她的習(xí)慣,表明她現(xiàn)在仍然還習(xí)慣總帶著一把傘)   
Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.   
彼得太太 總是帶著一把傘。(表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)這一動(dòng)作或行為厭煩)   
I never drank wine.我以前從不喝酒。   
(不涉及到現(xiàn)在,不說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在是否喝酒)   
4 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)終止的習(xí)慣時(shí)要用 used to do(過(guò)去常常做,而現(xiàn)在不那樣做了)   
He used to drink.   
他過(guò)去喝酒。   (意味著他現(xiàn)在不喝酒了。喝酒這個(gè)動(dòng)作終止了)   
I used to take a walk in the morning.   
我過(guò)去是在早晨散步。  。ㄒ馕吨F(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了)   
比較:   
I took a walk in the morning.   
我曾經(jīng)在早晨散過(guò)步。  。ㄖ皇钦f(shuō)明過(guò)去這一動(dòng)作)   
5 有些句子,雖然沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),但實(shí)際上是指過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的話,也要用過(guò)
去時(shí),這一點(diǎn),我們中國(guó)學(xué)生往往出錯(cuò),要特別注意!   
I didn''t know you were in Paris.   
我不知道你在巴黎。  。ㄒ?yàn)樵谡f(shuō)話時(shí),我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說(shuō)話之前,所以只能用過(guò)去
時(shí)表示。實(shí)際上,這句話暗指:But now I know you are here.)   
I thought you were ill.   
我以為你病了呢。  。ㄟ@句話應(yīng)是在說(shuō)話之前,我以為你病了。但是現(xiàn)在我知道你沒(méi)。   
辨別正誤   
Li Ming studied English this morning.  。ò汛司渥?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句)  。ā粒
1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning?  。▌(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用原形)   (×)
2. Does Li ming Study English this morning?  。〞r(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該用原句子的時(shí)態(tài))   (×)
3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning?  。☉(yīng)該用一般動(dòng)詞,而不是be動(dòng)詞)(動(dòng)詞應(yīng)變?cè)?br /> )  。ě埃
4.Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning?   
已過(guò):在過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。   
主動(dòng):   
肯定① be 分為was,were ② v+ed   
否定① was/were not ② didn’t+v   
疑問(wèn)① was/were+ 主 ② did+主+V   
時(shí)狀:   
1. yesterday (morning,afternoon,evening)   
2. the day before yesterday   
3. last night (week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,centeury 世紀(jì))   
4. ago   
5.in 1980 (過(guò)去年份)   
6.this morning/afternoon/evening   
7.when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句 (過(guò)去)   
8.in the past   
9.just now   
10.the other day -- a few days ago.   
11.at the age of 10 (過(guò)去年齡段)   
12.in the old days   
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式規(guī)則變化   
1 直接加ed eg:work worked worked   
2 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的,+d eg:live lived lived   
3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,變y為i加ed eg:study stuied stuied   
4 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,雙寫最后的輔音字母+ed eg: stop stopped stopped   不規(guī)則變化   例如相
等 eg:cut cut   read read<注:read和read讀音不同!>   sit sat   run ran   ——————
————————————————————

一般過(guò)去時(shí)句型結(jié)構(gòu)
句型
1.一般句子   
I watched TV last night.  
 
2.一般疑問(wèn)句   
Did you watch TV last night?  
 
3.there be 句型   
There was an apple on the table last night.   
Was there an apple on the table last night?
口訣
一般過(guò)去時(shí)并不難,表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)記心間。   
動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)句末站。   
否定句很簡(jiǎn)單,didn't 站在動(dòng)詞原形前,其它部分不要變。   
一般疑問(wèn)句也好變,did放在句子前,主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞原形、其它部分依次站。   
特殊疑問(wèn)句也簡(jiǎn)單,疑問(wèn)詞加一般疑問(wèn)句記心間。   
最后一條請(qǐng)注意,動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式要牢記。
過(guò)去時(shí)的一般形態(tài)
1. Be 動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài).   
在沒(méi)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句子中使用be動(dòng)詞, am is 的過(guò)去式為was; are的過(guò)去式為were.   
構(gòu)成:
肯定句:主語(yǔ)+was (were) +表語(yǔ)   如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我遲到了。)   
否定句:主語(yǔ)+was (were) +not+表語(yǔ)   如:We weren't late yesterday. (我們昨天沒(méi)遲到)   
疑問(wèn)句:Was (Were) +主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)   如: Were you ill yesterday? (你昨天病了嗎?)   
肯定回答: Yes, I was. (是的,我病了。)   
否定回答: No, I wasn't. (不,我沒(méi)病。)   
特殊疑問(wèn)句: 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+was (were) +主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)   如:When were you born? 你是什么時(shí)候出生的?

2. 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)   
肯定句要使用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式,否定句和疑問(wèn)句要使用助動(dòng)詞do和 does 的過(guò)去式 did.   
肯定句為:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+賓語(yǔ)   
如: I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.(我昨天九點(diǎn)鐘回的家。)   
否定句:主語(yǔ)+didn't +動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ)   
如:I didn't go home yesterday. (我昨天沒(méi)回家。)   
疑問(wèn)句:Did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ)   
如: Did you go home yesterday? (你昨天回家了嗎?)   
肯定回答: Yes, I did. (是的,我回了。)   
否定回答:No, I didn't. (不,我沒(méi)回家。)   
3. 助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式如下:   
shall―should(將要)用于第一人稱單數(shù)   
will―would(將要)用于所有人稱   
can—could(能,會(huì)) may―might(可以) must―must (必須)   
have to―had to(不得不)   
助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)要使用他們的過(guò)去式,后面的動(dòng)詞還使用原形。   
如: I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作業(yè)。)   
一般過(guò)去時(shí)講解   一般過(guò)去時(shí)也叫單純過(guò)去時(shí)。   
例A:He worked very hard last year.  。ㄈツ晁苡霉。)   
例B:Mr. Smith bought a new car yesterday.   (史密斯先生昨天買了一輛新車。)   
例C:They were here only a few minutes ago.  。◣追昼娗八麄冞在這里。)   
一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法如下:   
一般過(guò)去時(shí)最明顯的現(xiàn)象就是常由表達(dá)過(guò)去之時(shí)間的副詞或副詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾它。
這些常用于修飾一般過(guò)去時(shí)的副詞有:yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening ), just now
(剛才), before (以前) , then (at that time ) (當(dāng)時(shí)) , last +時(shí)間 (如 last week, month, year,
Monday, … January, … spring, …, etc. ), that +時(shí)間 (如 that day, afternoon, summer, …, etc. ), 時(shí)
間 + ago (如 a few minutes ago, two weeks ago , years ago, … etc.)   
“過(guò)去”的概念并不是只指如 “yesterday, last week,… ” 等,實(shí)際上“與現(xiàn)在對(duì)立的過(guò)去”,亦即“非現(xiàn)
在的以前”,哪怕是“過(guò)了說(shuō)話時(shí)間的幾分鐘之前”,只要所要表達(dá)的時(shí)間與說(shuō)話時(shí)的“現(xiàn)在”形成對(duì)立,就
必須使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表達(dá)。
例如:   He was here only a few minutes ago.  。▋H僅幾分鐘前他還在這里。)   
I came home just now.   (我剛回到家。)   
在A項(xiàng)我們說(shuō)明了“this + 時(shí)間, today, etc.”的時(shí)間副詞常用于修飾一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),但是實(shí)際上只要是“與說(shuō)
話時(shí)的現(xiàn)在”對(duì)立,就必須使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
例如:   
I got up very early this morning.  。ń裉煸绯课移鸫埠茉纭#   
He was late for school again today.  。ń裉焖诌t到了。)   








一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法:   
1. 過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
例如:   The police stopped me on my way home last night.   
2. 過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)。
例如:   They weren't able to come because they were so busy.   
3. 常用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):   
yesterday,three months ago,last year,in 1979,often,always等。   
例題解析:
舉一反三,學(xué)的更輕松!   
1. r. Mott is out. But he ______ here a few minutes ago.   
A. was B. is C. will be D. would be   
解析:時(shí)分鐘前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 應(yīng)選 A,   
2.---Hi, Tom.   ---Hello, Fancy. I ______ you were here.   
A.don't know B.won't think C. think D. didn't know   
解析:雖然句中沒(méi)有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ), 但是可以通過(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境判斷出, 這句話指的是我這段時(shí)間并不知道
, 你前一陣子在這兒。 所以應(yīng)選A。   
3.He promised to tell me by himself when I ______.   
A. come B. would come C. came D. had come   
解析:在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)。應(yīng)選C。

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