單片機(jī)數(shù)字音樂(lè)盒制作proteus仿真原理圖:
電路圖
單片機(jī)源程序:
- #include<reg51.h>
- #define uchar unsigned char
- #define uchar unsigned char
- #define uint unsigned int
- #define LCDPORT P0
- uchar code tab[]="Press key";
- uchar code tab1[]="Select song";
- uchar code tab2[]="First Song" ;
- uchar code tab3[]="butterfly";
- uchar code tab4[]="Second Song" ;
- uchar code tab5[]="Jingle bell ";
- uchar code tab6[]="Third Song" ;
- uchar code tab7[]="Yesterday";
- uchar code tab8[]="Forth Song" ;
- uchar code tab9[]="Youth League";
- sbit LCDE=P2^2;
- sbit LCDRW=P2^1;
- sbit LCDRS=P2^0;
- #define SYSTEM_OSC 12000000 //定義晶振頻率12000000HZ
- #define SOUND_SPACE 4/5 //定義普通音符演奏的長(zhǎng)度分率,//每4分音符間隔
- sbit BeepIO = P3^7; //定義輸出管腳
- sbit K1=P1^7;
- unsigned int code FreTab[12] = { 262,277,294,311,330,349,369,392,415,440,466,494 }; //原始頻率表
- unsigned char code SignTab[7] = { 0,2,4,5,7,9,11 }; //1~7在頻率表中的位置
- unsigned char code LengthTab[7]= { 1,2,4,8,16,32,64 };
- unsigned char Sound_Temp_TH0,Sound_Temp_TL0; //音符定時(shí)器初值暫存
- unsigned char Sound_Temp_TH1,Sound_Temp_TL1;
- unsigned char code Music_Girl[]=
- { 0x1B,0x02, 0x1A,0x02, 0x1B,0x02, 0x19,0x66, 0x1A,0x03,
- 0x18,0x02, 0x17,0x02, 0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x0D,
- 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x66, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x03,
- 0x19,0x0D, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x0D, 0x18,0x03, 0x17,0x0D,
- 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x00, 0x19,0x02, 0x11,0x02, 0x16,0x02,
- 0x10,0x02, 0x15,0x02, 0x0F,0x00, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x03,
- 0x0F,0x00, 0x0D,0x01, 0x0F,0x66, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x66,
- 0x16,0x03, 0x10,0x0D, 0x15,0x03, 0x0F,0x03, 0x19,0x66,
- 0x1F,0x03, 0x1A,0x0D, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03,
- 0x16,0x00, 0x16,0x66, 0x17,0x03, 0x11,0x0C, 0x10,0x02,
- 0x19,0x66, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x02, 0x16,0x02, 0x0D,0x02,
- 0x15,0x02, 0x10,0x0D, 0x0F,0x03, 0x10,0x0D, 0x15,0x03,
- 0x0F,0x00, 0x17,0x66, 0x19,0x03, 0x11,0x02, 0x16,0x02,
- 0x10,0x0D, 0x15,0x03, 0x0F,0x15, 0x0D,0x03, 0x0F,0x02,
- 0x0D,0x03, 0x0F,0x0D, 0x10,0x03, 0x11,0x0D, 0x16,0x03,
- 0x10,0x00, 0x0F,0x0D, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x66, 0x16,0x03,
- 0x19,0x02, 0x17,0x02, 0x16,0x02, 0x17,0x0D, 0x16,0x03,
- 0x15,0x02, 0x10,0x0D, 0x0F,0x03, 0x0D,0x01, 0x15,0x01,
- 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x04, 0x10,0x0D, 0x0F,0x03, 0x0D,0x0D,
- 0x0F,0x03, 0x10,0x0D, 0x15,0x03, 0x0F,0x00, 0x17,0x0D,
- 0x19,0x03, 0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x0D, 0x15,0x03,
- 0x11,0x02, 0x10,0x02, 0x0F,0x00, 0x00,0x00 };
- unsigned char code Music_Jingle[]={
- 0x0F,0x03, 0x0F,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03,
- 0x0F,0x66, 0x19,0x04, 0x19,0x04, 0x0F,0x03, 0x17,0x03,
- 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x02, 0x10,0x03, 0x10,0x03,
- 0x18,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x10,0x66, 0x10,0x03,
- 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x18,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x02,
- 0x15,0x03, 0x0F,0x03, 0x0F,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03,
- 0x15,0x03, 0x0F,0x66, 0x0F,0x03, 0x0F,0x03, 0x17,0x03,
- 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x66, 0x10,0x03, 0x10,0x03,
- 0x18,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03,
- 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x18,0x03,
- 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x66, 0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x02,
- 0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x02, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03,
- 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x01, 0x18,0x03, 0x18,0x03,
- 0x18,0x67, 0x18,0x04, 0x18,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x03,
- 0x17,0x04, 0x17,0x04, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03,
- 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x19,0x66, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03,
- 0x18,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x02, 0x00,0x00 };
- unsigned char code Music_Two[] ={
- 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x01, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03,
- 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x01, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x02,
- 0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x03,
- 0x10,0x0E, 0x15,0x04, 0x0F,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03,
- 0x17,0x01, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x01,
- 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x02, 0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x03,
- 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x01,
- 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x01, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03,
- 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x01, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x02,
- 0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x03,
- 0x10,0x0E, 0x15,0x04, 0x0F,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03,
- 0x19,0x01, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x01,
- 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x02, 0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x03,
- 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x10,0x0D, 0x15,0x00,
- 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03,
- 0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x17,0x0D, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03,
- 0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03,
- 0x1A,0x02, 0x1A,0x02, 0x10,0x03, 0x17,0x0D, 0x16,0x03,
- 0x16,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03,
- 0x19,0x02, 0x1F,0x02, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E,
- 0x1B,0x04, 0x17,0x02, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E,
- 0x1B,0x04, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03,
- 0x17,0x0D, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x01, 0x19,0x03,
- 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1B,0x03,
- 0x1A,0x03, 0x17,0x0D, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03,
- 0x17,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x02,
- 0x1A,0x02, 0x10,0x03, 0x17,0x0D, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x01,
- 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03,
- 0x1F,0x02, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E, 0x1B,0x04,
- 0x17,0x02, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E, 0x1B,0x04,
- 0x17,0x16, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E, 0x1B,0x04,
- 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x0F,0x02,
- 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x00, 0x00,0x00 };
- unsigned char code Music_Yesterday[]={
- 0x15,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x02, 0x19,0x02,
- 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x1A,0x02,
- 0x19,0x66, 0x17,0x02, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x02,
- 0x16,0x02, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x1A,0x15, 0x17,0x03,
- 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x02, 0x21,0x02, 0x20,0x03, 0x1F,0x02,
- 0x1B,0x03, 0x1B,0x66, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x02,
- 0x17,0x02, 0x16,0x14, 0x15,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x03,
- 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03,
- 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x17,0x03,
- 0x17,0x02, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x02, 0x1B,0x02,
- 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x01, 0x1B,0x02,
- 0x20,0x02, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x66, 0x1B,0x03,
- 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x02, 0x1A,0x66,
- 0x1A,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x02, 0x1F,0x02, 0x1A,0x03,
- 0x1F,0x02, 0x20,0x03, 0x20,0x16, 0x1F,0x02, 0x20,0x02,
- 0x21,0x03, 0x21,0x03, 0x21,0x03, 0x21,0x02, 0x20,0x03,
- 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x66,
- 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x14, 0x1F,0x03, 0x20,0x03,
- 0x21,0x03, 0x21,0x03, 0x21,0x03, 0x21,0x03, 0x21,0x02,
- 0x20,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x66,
- 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x14, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1B,0x03,
- 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x03,
- 0x20,0x66, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x02,
- 0x1F,0x03, 0x20,0x66, 0x1F,0x03, 0x20,0x03, 0x21,0x02,
- 0x21,0x02, 0x20,0x03, 0x1F,0x02, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x02,
- 0x17,0x02, 0x17,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03,
- 0x19,0x14, 0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x04, 0x15,0x04,
- 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x02,
- 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x14, 0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x03,
- 0x18,0x02, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x16, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x03,
- 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x01, 0x1F,0x02, 0x20,0x02, 0x21,0x03,
- 0x21,0x03, 0x21,0x03, 0x21,0x02, 0x20,0x03, 0x1F,0x03,
- 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x02,
- 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x14, 0x1F,0x02, 0x20,0x02,
- 0x21,0x03, 0x21,0x03, 0x21,0x03, 0x21,0x66, 0x20,0x03,
- 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x66,
- 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x00, 0x00,0x00 };
- uchar k;
- void delay1(void) //延時(shí)程序
- {
- uchar i,j;
- for(i=20;i>0;i--)
- for(j=248;j>0;j--);
- }
- void Getch ( )
- { uchar X,Y,Z;
- P1=0xff;
- P1=0xf3; //先對(duì)P0置數(shù) 行掃描
- if(P1!=0xf3) //判斷是否有鍵按下
- { delay1(); //延時(shí),軟件去干擾
- if(P1!=0xf3) //確認(rèn)按鍵按下X = P3;
- {
- X=P1; //保存行掃描時(shí)有鍵按下時(shí)狀態(tài)
- P1=0xfc; //列掃描
- Y=P1; //保存列掃描時(shí)有鍵按下時(shí)狀態(tài)
- Z=X|Y;
- //取出鍵值
- switch ( Z ) //判斷鍵值(那一個(gè)鍵按下)
- {
- case 0xf9: k=0; break; //對(duì)鍵值賦值
- case 0xf5: k=1; break;
- case 0xfa: k=2; break;
- case 0xf6: k=3; break;
-
- }
- }
- }
- }
- void Delay()
- { uint uiCount;
- for(uiCount=0;uiCount<250;uiCount++);
- }
- void WriteCMD(uchar Commond)//LCD寫(xiě)指令函數(shù)
- {
- Delay(); //先延時(shí)。
- LCDE=1; //然后把LCD改為寫(xiě)入命令狀態(tài)。
- LCDRS=0;
- LCDRW=0;
- LCDPORT=Commond; //再輸出命令。
- LCDE=0; //最后執(zhí)行命令。
- }
- void WriteData(uchar dat)//LCD寫(xiě)數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)
- { Delay(); //先延時(shí)。
- LCDE=1; //然后把LCD改為寫(xiě)入數(shù)據(jù)狀態(tài)。
- LCDRS=1;
- LCDRW=0;
- LCDPORT=dat; //再輸出數(shù)據(jù)。
- LCDE=0; //最后顯示數(shù)據(jù)。
- }
- void init()
- {
- LCDRW=0;
- LCDE=0;
- WriteCMD(0x38);
- WriteCMD(0x0c);
- WriteCMD(0x06);
- WriteCMD(0x01);
- WriteCMD(0x80);
- }
- void mydelay(int x)
- { int i,j;
- for(i=x;i>0;i--)
- for(j=255;j>0;j--);
- }
- void InitialSound(void)
- {
- BeepIO = 0;
- Sound_Temp_TH1 = (65535-(1/1200)*SYSTEM_OSC)/256; // 計(jì)算TL1應(yīng)裝入的初值 (10ms的初裝值)
- Sound_Temp_TL1 = (65535-(1/1200)*SYSTEM_OSC)%256; // 計(jì)算TH1應(yīng)裝入的初值
- TH1 = Sound_Temp_TH1;
- TL1 = Sound_Temp_TL1;
- TMOD |= 0x11;
- ET0 = 1;
- ET1 = 0;
- TR0 = 0;
- TR1 = 0;
- EA = 1;
- }
- void BeepTimer0(void) interrupt 1 //音符發(fā)生中斷
- {
- BeepIO = !BeepIO;
- TH0 = Sound_Temp_TH0;
- TL0 = Sound_Temp_TL0;
- }
- void Play(unsigned char *Sound,unsigned char Signature,unsigned Octachord,unsigned int Speed)
- {
- unsigned int NewFreTab[12]; //新的頻率表
- unsigned char i,j;
- unsigned int Point,LDiv,LDiv0,LDiv1,LDiv2,LDiv4,CurrentFre,Temp_T,SoundLength;
- unsigned char Tone,Length,SL,SH,SM,SLen,XG,FD;
- for(i=0;i<12;i++) // 根據(jù)調(diào)號(hào)及升降八度來(lái)生成新的頻率表
- {
- j = i + Signature;
- if(j > 11)
- {
- j = j-12;
- NewFreTab[i] = FreTab[j]*2;
- }
- else
- NewFreTab[i] = FreTab[j];
- if(Octachord == 1)
- NewFreTab[i]>>=2;
- else if(Octachord == 3)
- NewFreTab[i]<<=2;
- }
-
- SoundLength = 0;
- while(Sound[SoundLength] != 0x00) //計(jì)算歌曲長(zhǎng)度
- {
- SoundLength+=2;
- }
- Point = 0;
- Tone = Sound[Point];
- Length = Sound[Point+1]; // 讀出第一個(gè)音符和它時(shí)時(shí)值
-
- LDiv0 = 12000/Speed; // 算出1分音符的長(zhǎng)度(幾個(gè)10ms)
- LDiv4 = LDiv0/4; // 算出4分音符的長(zhǎng)度
- LDiv4 = LDiv4-LDiv4*SOUND_SPACE; // 普通音最長(zhǎng)間隔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
- TR0 = 0;
- TR1 = 1;
- while(Point < SoundLength&&K1==1) //歌曲代碼未放完且暫停鍵未被按下
- {
- SL=Tone%10; //計(jì)算出音符
- SM=Tone/10%10; //計(jì)算出高低音
- SH=Tone/100; //計(jì)算出是否升半
- CurrentFre = NewFreTab[SignTab[SL-1]+SH]; //查出對(duì)應(yīng)音符的頻率
- if(SL!=0)
- {
- if (SM==1) CurrentFre >>= 2; //低音
- if (SM==3) CurrentFre <<= 2; //高音
- Temp_T = 65536-(50000/CurrentFre)*10/(12000000/SYSTEM_OSC);//計(jì)算計(jì)數(shù)器初值
- Sound_Temp_TH0 = Temp_T/256;
- Sound_Temp_TL0 = Temp_T%256;
- TH0 = Sound_Temp_TH0;
- TL0 = Sound_Temp_TL0 + 12; //加12是對(duì)中斷延時(shí)的補(bǔ)償
- }
- SLen=LengthTab[Length%10]; //算出是幾分音符
- XG=Length/10%10; //算出音符類(lèi)型(0普通1連音2頓音)
- FD=Length/100;
- LDiv=LDiv0/SLen; //算出連音音符演奏的長(zhǎng)度(多少個(gè)10ms)
- if (FD==1)
- LDiv=LDiv+LDiv/2;
- if(XG!=1)
- if(XG==0) //算出普通音符的演奏長(zhǎng)度
- if (SLen<=4)
- LDiv1=LDiv-LDiv4;
- else
- LDiv1=LDiv*SOUND_SPACE;
- else
- LDiv1=LDiv/2; //算出頓音的演奏長(zhǎng)度
- else
- LDiv1=LDiv;
- if(SL==0) LDiv1=0;
- LDiv2=LDiv-LDiv1; //算出不發(fā)音的長(zhǎng)度
- if (SL!=0)
- {
- TR0=1;
- for(i=LDiv1;i>0;i--) //發(fā)規(guī)定長(zhǎng)度的音
- {
- while(TF1==0);
- TH1 = Sound_Temp_TH1;
- TL1 = Sound_Temp_TL1;
- TF1=0;
- }
- }
- if(LDiv2!=0)
- {
- TR0=0; BeepIO=0;
- for(i=LDiv2;i>0;i--) //音符間的間隔
- {
- while(TF1==0);
- TH1 = Sound_Temp_TH1;
- TL1 = Sound_Temp_TL1;
- TF1=0;
- }
- }
- Point+=2;
- Tone=Sound[Point];
- Length=Sound[Point+1];
- }
- BeepIO = 0;
- }
- main()
- { uint i;
- k=8;
- init();
- for(i=0;i<15;i++)
- {
- WriteData(tab[i]); //LCD寫(xiě)數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)寫(xiě)第一行
- mydelay(50);
- }
- mydelay(1000);
- WriteCMD(0x80+0x40+2); //將指針設(shè)到第二行空兩字符
- for(i=0;i<6;i++)
- {
- WriteData(tab1[i]);
- mydelay(50);
- }
- InitialSound(); //發(fā)音初始化程序
- while(1)
- { Getch(); //掃描鍵盤(pán),獲得鍵值
- if(k==0) //若鍵值為0
- { uint i;
- init();
- for(i=0;i<10;i++)
- {
- WriteData(tab2[i]); //寫(xiě)第一首歌序號(hào)
- mydelay(50);
- }
- mydelay(1000);
- WriteCMD(0x80+0x40); //轉(zhuǎn)到第二行
- for(i=0;i<9;i++)
- { WriteData(tab3[i]); //寫(xiě)歌名
- mydelay(50);
- }
- Play(Music_Girl,0,3,360); //播放第一首歌
- mydelay(500);
- break;
- }
- else if (k==1) //若鍵值為1
- { uint i;
- init();
- for(i=0;i<11;i++)
- { WriteData(tab4[i]); //寫(xiě)第二首歌序號(hào)
- mydelay(50);
- }
- mydelay(1000);
- WriteCMD(0x80+0x40); //轉(zhuǎn)到第二行
- for(i=0;i<11;i++)
- {
- WriteData(tab5[i]); //寫(xiě)歌名
- mydelay(50);
- }
- Play(Music_Jingle,0,3,360); //播放第二首歌
- mydelay(500);
- break;
- }
- else if (k==2) //若鍵值為2
- { uint i;
- init();
- for(i=0;i<10;i++)
- { WriteData(tab6[i]); //寫(xiě)第三首歌序號(hào)
- mydelay(50);
- }
- mydelay(1000);
- //WriteCMD(0x01);
- WriteCMD(0x80+0x40); //轉(zhuǎn)到第二行
- for(i=0;i<6;i++)
- {
- WriteData(tab7[i]); //寫(xiě)歌名
- mydelay(50);
- }
- Play(Music_Two,0,3,360); //播放第三首歌
- mydelay(500);
-
- …………限于本文篇幅 余下代碼請(qǐng)從51黑下載附件…………
復(fù)制代碼
1 概述
傳統(tǒng)的音樂(lè)盒多是機(jī)械音樂(lè)盒,其工作原理是通過(guò)齒輪帶動(dòng)一個(gè)帶有鐵釘?shù)蔫F桶轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),鐵桶上的鐵釘撞擊鐵片制成的琴鍵,從而發(fā)出聲音。但是,機(jī)械式的音樂(lè)盒體積比較大,比較笨重,且發(fā)音單調(diào)。水、灰塵等外在因素,容易使內(nèi)部金屬發(fā)音條變形,從而造成發(fā)音跑調(diào)。另外,機(jī)械音樂(lè)盒放音時(shí)為了讓音色穩(wěn)定,必須放平不能動(dòng)搖,而且價(jià)格昂貴,不能實(shí)現(xiàn)大批量生產(chǎn);趩纹瑱C(jī)設(shè)計(jì)制作的電子式音樂(lè)盒。與傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械式音樂(lè)盒相比更小巧,音質(zhì)更優(yōu)美且能演奏和弦音樂(lè)。電子式音樂(lè)盒動(dòng)力來(lái)源是電池,制作工藝簡(jiǎn)單,可進(jìn)行批量生產(chǎn),所以價(jià)格便宜。基于單片機(jī)制作的電子式音樂(lè)盒,控制功能強(qiáng)大,可根據(jù)需要選歌,使用方便。所放歌曲的節(jié)奏可以根據(jù)需要進(jìn)行設(shè)置,根據(jù)存儲(chǔ)容量的大小,可以盡可能多的存儲(chǔ)歌曲。另外,可以設(shè)計(jì)彩燈外觀效果,增設(shè)放歌時(shí)間、序號(hào)顯示燈功能,使音樂(lè)盒的功能更加豐富。
1.1單片機(jī)數(shù)字音樂(lè)盒有關(guān)介紹 電子音樂(lè)已廣泛地應(yīng)用于社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。其類(lèi)型從音樂(lè)卡片到CD、MP3 等多種多樣,制作原理也各不相同。聲音是通過(guò)振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的。單片機(jī)對(duì)某一I/O引腳以一定的頻率循環(huán)置1和清0,這一引腳便產(chǎn)生一定頻率的方波,該方波通過(guò)放大后作用于揚(yáng)聲器便產(chǎn)生一定頻率的聲音。若改變輸出方波的頻率,產(chǎn)生的聲音也就改變了。通過(guò)控制輸出方波的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短,聲音的長(zhǎng)短也就得到控制。因此,根據(jù)樂(lè)譜,單片機(jī)就可產(chǎn)生電子音樂(lè)。音樂(lè)中最關(guān)鍵的兩個(gè)要素是音符和節(jié)拍。單片機(jī)控制的音樂(lè)發(fā)生器系統(tǒng)由硬件電路和軟件兩部分構(gòu)成。利用單片機(jī)控制的電子音樂(lè)發(fā)生器軟硬件上具有獨(dú)特的優(yōu)點(diǎn),系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)周期短,成本低,電路制作容易。更換歌曲時(shí),硬件電路無(wú)需作任何修改,只需修改軟件即可實(shí)現(xiàn)。軟件編程時(shí),可用51系列單片機(jī)的匯編語(yǔ)言或C51語(yǔ)言實(shí)現(xiàn)。同時(shí)還可根據(jù)個(gè)人的習(xí)好通過(guò)軟件改變節(jié)拍的延時(shí)時(shí)間,增加電子音樂(lè)的趣味性。
1.1.1發(fā)音原理介紹
發(fā)音原理:播放一段音樂(lè)需要的是兩個(gè)元素,一個(gè)是音調(diào),另一個(gè)是音符。首先要了解對(duì)應(yīng)的音調(diào),音調(diào)主要由聲音的頻率決定,同時(shí)也與聲音強(qiáng)度有關(guān)。對(duì)一定強(qiáng)度的純音,音調(diào)隨頻率的升降而升降;對(duì)一定頻率的純音、低頻純音的音調(diào)隨聲強(qiáng)增加而下降,高頻純音的音調(diào)卻隨強(qiáng)度增加而上升。另外,音符的頻率有所不同;谏厦娴膬(nèi)容,這樣就對(duì)發(fā)音的原理有了一些初步的了解。
音符的發(fā)音主要靠不同的音頻脈沖。利用單片機(jī)的內(nèi)部定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器0,使其工作在模式1,定時(shí)中斷,然后控制P3.7引腳的輸出音樂(lè)。只要算出某一音頻的周期(1/頻率),然后將此周期除以2,即為半周期的時(shí)間,利用定時(shí)器計(jì)時(shí)這個(gè)半周期時(shí)間,每當(dāng)計(jì)時(shí)到后就將輸出脈沖的I/O反相,然后重復(fù)計(jì)時(shí)此半周期時(shí)間再對(duì)I/O反相,就可在I/O腳上得到此頻率的脈沖。
1.1.2 音符頻率的產(chǎn)生
音符及定時(shí)器初始值:
例如:中音1(do)的音頻=523HZ,周期T=1/523s=1912
定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器0的定時(shí)時(shí)間為:T/2=1912/2
定時(shí)器956的計(jì)數(shù)值=定時(shí)時(shí)間/機(jī)器周期=956/1=956(時(shí)鐘頻率=12MHZ)
裝入T0計(jì)數(shù)器初值為65536-956=64580 將64580裝入T0寄存器中,啟動(dòng)T0工作后,每計(jì)數(shù)956次時(shí)將產(chǎn)生溢出中斷,進(jìn)入中斷服務(wù)時(shí),每次對(duì)P3.0引腳的輸出值進(jìn)行取反,就可得到中音DO(523HZ)的音符音頻。將51單片機(jī)內(nèi)部定時(shí)器工作在計(jì)數(shù)器模式1下,改變計(jì)數(shù)初值TH0,TL0以產(chǎn)生不同的頻率。
若該設(shè)計(jì)使用數(shù)字電路完成,所設(shè)計(jì)的電路相當(dāng)復(fù)雜,大概需要十幾片數(shù)字集成塊,其功能也主要依賴于數(shù)字電路的各功能模塊的組合來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),焊接的過(guò)程比較復(fù)雜,成本也非常高。若用單片機(jī)來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)制作完成,由于其功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)主要通過(guò)軟件編程來(lái)完成,那么就降低了硬件電路的復(fù)雜性,而且其成本也有所降低,所以在該設(shè)計(jì)中采用單片機(jī)利用AT89C51,它是低功耗、高性能的CMOS型8位單片機(jī)。片內(nèi)帶有4KB的Flash存儲(chǔ)器,且允許在系統(tǒng)內(nèi)改寫(xiě)或用編程器編程。另外, AT89C51的指令系統(tǒng)和引腳與8051完全兼容,片內(nèi)有128B 的RAM、32條I/O口線、2個(gè)16位定時(shí)計(jì)數(shù)器、5個(gè)中斷源、一個(gè)全雙工串行口等.
完整的音樂(lè)盒制作資料下載:
音樂(lè)盒(1).zip
(53.96 KB, 下載次數(shù): 827)
2017-4-22 10:41 上傳
點(diǎn)擊文件名下載附件
包含isis設(shè)計(jì)和kiel源碼
|